Inspiring Explorers Matthew and Eliza spent time on deck with third mate Clara, taking sextant readings and learning traditional navigation at sea, just as early polar explorers relied on when sailing through these vast waters.
During Shackleton’s Imperial Trans-Antarctic ‘Endurance’ Expedition (1914 1917), their ship, ‘Endurance’, became trapped and was eventually crushed by pack ice and sunk in the Weddell Sea on 12 November 1915.
Shackleton and his 27 crew members camped on the ice as it drifted until April 1916 when their floe broke up. They then made their way in the ship’s lifeboats to Elephant Island.
Shackleton then made the courageous decision to sail one of the boats, the ‘James Caird’, with five crew members, Frank Worsley, Tom Crean, Timothy McCarthy, Harry McNish and John Vincent, to South Georgia to seek help.
Frank Worsley navigated the extraordinary 800 nautical mile journey from Elephant Island to South Georgia, one of history’s greatest feats. Using a sextant to measure the angle between the sun and the horizon and a chronometer to record the exact time, he calculated latitude and, with careful timing, longitude. With limited opportunities for celestial sightings in the stormy Southern Ocean, he constantly estimated the boat’s position using dead reckoning. Each sighting was used to correct calculations by hand, factoring in the dip of the horizon, atmospheric refraction and the sun’s declination, all while the lifeboat pitched and rolled through enormous waves.
Our Inspiring Explorers™ truly enjoyed experiencing a small part of this incredible skill for themselves!